Alkalinity is defined as the buffering capacity of water.

Main contributors to alkalinity are:

1. Bicarbonates
2. Carbonates
3. Hydroxides

High exposure to alkalinity in water causes;

1. Skin Irritation
2. Gastrointestinal
3. issues
4. Nausea
5. Vomiting
6. Kidney Damage

It is necessary to regulate alkalinity in water to avoid these problems.

Test Procedure

1. Take 10 ml of water sample in a beaker.
2. Add 2-3 drops of R1 and shake well.
3. Now titrate with R2.
4. Color will change from yellow to light red.

Alkalinity as CaCO3 = No. of drops * Multiply with factor =X ppm